Package net.simplace.sim.components.soil.slim

Class ImprovedSoilWater

java.lang.Object

net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

net.simplace.sim.components.soil.slim.ImprovedSoilWater

All Implemented Interfaces:

net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimFieldContainer

public class ImprovedSoilWater
extends net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

ImprovedSoilWater.java is derived from SlimWater.java as a SimComponent for transient simulations of soil water balance of a multiple layer soil profile. For further details refer to the documentation of SlimWater.java

The changes made in ImprovedSoilWater are exclusively related to the crop available water in the soil and the water uptake process by the crop.

1. Crop available water

Whereas in SlimWater the proportion of extractable retained soil water (SAWR) is estimated as a quarter of the retained soil water ImprovedSoilWater estimates the proportion of the extractable soil water as a function of the development stage of the crop (DVS), a depletion factor (NominalDepletionEarly and NominaldepletionLate) and the crop water demand (EVAPO). The procedure distinguished between a sensitive crop development stage (WaterSensitiveDVS), where the nominal depletion factor is high and a less sensitive development stage where the nominal depletion factor is lower. The final soil water depletion factor is then calculated as:

If DVS < StartWaterSensitiveDVS or DVS > EndWaterSensitiveDVS, then according to Allen et al. 1996 (page 163, Footnote 2) (However, in Allen et al. 1996 ETc is used and not ET0!!!)

\[ \begin{eqnarray} Depletion = NominalDepletionEarly + 0.04*(5.00 - EVAPO) \end{eqnarray} \]

If DVS is between StartWaterSensitiveDVS and EndWaterSensitiveDVS, then

\[ \begin{eqnarray} Depletion = NominalDepletionLate + 0.04*(5.00 - EVAPO) \end{eqnarray} \]

Based on the depletion factor (Depletion) the proportion of the extractable water (EXT) in the retained soil water (WR in mm) in each soil layer is calculated as:

\[ \begin{eqnarray} EXT[i] &=& \frac {EVAPO}{(1-Depletion) \cdot TWRH} \end{eqnarray} \]

where TWRH is the total amount of retainable water stored in the entire soil profile at field capacity (usually called "Available Water Capacity") and EVAPO is the reference evapotranspiration (both in mm).

N.B.: The calculation of the extraction factor for each layer is related to the total retainable water in the entire profile depth. As the profile depth is variable there could be a serious underestimation of EXT when increasing soil profile depth at early DVS when roots are still small. Therefore, the calculation of EXT at early DVS should not depend on TWRH.

The amount of soil available water SAWR in the retained water fraction of each layer is then:

\[ \begin{eqnarray} SAWR[i] &=& WR[i] \cdot EXT[i] \end{eqnarray} \]

References: Addiscott, T.M., Heys, P.J., Whitmore, A.P., 1986. Application of simple leaching models in heterogeneous soils. Geoderma 38, 185-194. Addiscott, T.M., Whitmore, A.P., 1991. Simulation of solute leaching in soils with different permeabilities. Soil Use Manage. 7, 94-102. Jamieson, P.D., Porter, J.R., Goudriaan, J., Ritchie, J.T., van Keulen, H., Stol, W., 1998. A comparison of the models AFRCWHEAT2, CERES-wheat, Sirius, SUCROS2 and SWHEAT with measurements from wheat grown under drought. Field Crop. Res. 55, 23-44. Porter, J.R., 1993. AFRCWHAET2: A model of the growth and development of wheat incorporating responses to water and nitrogen. Eur. J. Agron. 2, 69-82. Allen et al., 1996. Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56, 1998 http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0490e/x0490e00.htm

Author:

Gunther Krauss

Component Variables

Content Type	Name	Description	Data Type	Unit	Min Value	Max Value	Default Value
constant	cALFA	The proportion of the mobile water in each layer that moves downwards to the underlying layer	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
constant	cCalculateRunoffWater	If set to true runoff water (WFAST) is calculated, otherwise rain which exceeds infiltration capacity of the soil is by-passing the soil matrix	BOOLEAN	1	-	-	false
constant	cDP	The proportion of leaching water which is lost from layer MD (the layer : containing the drains) through mole drains	DOUBLE	1	0.0	20.0	0.0
constant	cELIM	Minimum daily soil evaporation (mm) from the topsoil layers within soil evaporation depth (MaxSoilEvaporationDepth)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.05
constant	cEndWaterSensitiveDVS	DVS when the crop sensitivity to soil water stress ends	DOUBLE	1	0.0	2.0	1.5
constant	cGenAlfa	Parameters alfa for each layer for vanGenuchtens equation	DOUBLEARRAY	m-1	-	-	-
constant	cGenN	Parameters n for each layer for vanGenuchtens equation	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
constant	cIFWGEN	Switch to use estimates for initial soil water content in topsoil and subsoil (set to TRUE if initial water retention characteristics are unknown)	BOOLEAN	1	-	-	false
constant	cLatitude	Latitude	DOUBLE	°	-90.0	90.0	50.7
constant	cMD	Number of layer containing mole drains	INT	1	0	1000	0
constant	cMT	Number of layers in the topsoil	INT	1	0	1000	5
constant	cMaxSoilEvaporationDepth	Maximum soil depth which supplies water for soil evaporation	DOUBLE	m	0.0	20.0	0.12
constant	cNominalDepletionEarly	FAO crop specific depletion factor before water stress sensitive phase	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.5
constant	cNominalDepletionLate	FAO crop specific depletion factor after water stress sensitive phase	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.5
constant	cSEEDD	Sowing depth in m	DOUBLE	m	0.001	20.0	0.02
constant	cSMD	Initial soil Moisture Deficit as estimated by the user (only used when initial soil water fractions are not provided); this initial soil moisture deficit is equal to the initial DEF value)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.0
constant	cSoilLayerDepth	Depth of the bottom of each soil layer after soil layer transformation	DOUBLEARRAY	m	-	-	-
constant	cSoilWaterFieldCapacity	Volumetric soil water content of each layer at field capacity (pF2.5 or -33 KPa)	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	-	-	-
constant	cSoilWaterInitial	Volumetric soil water content of each layer at the start of the simulation	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	-	-	-
constant	cSoilWaterReducedThreshold	Volumetric soil water content of each layer at which water is available for upward movement (pF3.3 or 200 KPa)	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	-	-	-
constant	cSoilWaterResidual	-	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	-	-	-
constant	cSoilWaterSaturation	Volumetric soil water content of each layer at saturation (pF0 or 0.0 KPa)	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	-	-	-
constant	cSoilWaterWiltingPoint	Volumetric soil water content of each layer at permanent wilting point (pF4.2 or -1500 KPa)	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	-	-	-
constant	cStartWaterSensitiveDVS	DVS when the crop becomes especially sensitive to soil water stress	DOUBLE	1	0.0	2.0	0.85
constant	cWALIQ	The aliquot size in the rainfall splitting routine (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	3.0
constant	cWM1S	Amount if mobile water (WM) in the top soil layer at saturation (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	10.3
constant	cWMGENS	Default values for mobile water (WM) in the subsoil layers (only used if water retention characteristics are unknown)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	1.9
constant	cWMGENT	Default values for mobile water (WM) in the topsoil layers (only used if water retention characteristics are unknown)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	2.75
constant	cWRGENS	Default values for retained water (WR) in the subsoil layers (only used if water retention characteristics are unknown)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	11.6
constant	cWRGENT	Default values for retained water (WR) in the topsoil layers (only used if water retention characteristics are unknown)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	9.1
constant	cWRSS	the amount of water that is not available for water and solute transport in the subsoil layers (only used if water retention characteristics are unknown)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	7.15
constant	cWRST	the amount of water that is not available for transport of water and solutes in the topsoil layers (only used if water retention characteristics are unknown)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	4.35
input	iDVS	actual development stage	DOUBLE	1	0.0	3.0	0.0
input	iFRR	Root restriction factor for water uptake in each soil layer as affected by root age and root density (provided by SlimRoots)	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
input	iMD95	Number of deepest soil layer containing roots (provided by other SimComponents e.g. SlimRoots)	INT	1	0	1000	0
input	iPotentialTranspiration	Potential crop transpiration (provided by other SimComponents e.g. CropEvapoTranspirationDualCoeff.java)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	-
input	iRAIN	Precipitation	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	-
input	iReferenceCropEvapotranspiration	Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) provided by other SimComponents (e.g. ReferenceETHargreaves.java or ReferenceETPM.java	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	-
input	iWithCrop	Switch to indicate the days of the year where a crop is present	BOOLEAN	1	-	-	false
state	sCAPS	the proportion of the soil porosity likely to support upward (capillary) movement of solutes in each soil layer	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
state	sCAPW	the proportion of the soil porosity likely to support upward (capillary) movement of water in each soil layer	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
state	sCAW	Cumulative amount of rainfall	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000000.0	0.0
state	sCAWM	Total crop available water in the mobile fraction in each soil layer	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sCAWMT	Total crop available water in the mobile fraction over the actual rooting depth	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000000.0	0.0
state	sCAWR	Total crop available water in the retained fraction in each soil layer	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sCAWRT	Total crop available water in the retained fraction over the actual rooting depth	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000000.0	0.0
state	sCAWT	Total crop available water over the actual rooting depth	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000000.0	0.0
state	sDEF	Daily soil moisture deficit (Difference between Rainfall and (Transpiration+Soil evaporation))	DOUBLE	mm	-2000.0	200000.0	-
state	sECUM	Daily soil moisture deficit in the retained water fraction (WRH(I)-WR(I)) of the topsoil layer (i=0) in mm	DOUBLE	mm	-2000.0	2000.0	-
state	sEXT	Daily limit to extract water from soil	DOUBLEARRAY	1	0.0	1.0	-
state	sNNR	Number of successive days when 0.9*(potential soil evaporation) exceeds rainfall	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000.0	-
state	sTWM	Total amount of mobile water over the soil profile	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	200000.0	0.0
state	sTWR	Total amount of retained water over the soil profile	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	200000.0	0.0
state	sTWRH	water holding capacity of soil over soil profile (defined soil depth)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	-	-
state	sTWRHRootZone	water holding capacity of soil over rooted zone (up to layer MD95)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	-	-
state	sWFR	Amount of less mobile water in each layer not available for upward movement of solutes or water (DUL(i)-AML(i))	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWHT15R	Retained water below 0.5*wilting point in each layer not available for movement of solutes	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWLM	Total amount of less mobile water (WR-WHT15R) in each layer (only used for solute transport)	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWM	Daily amount of mobile water (WM) in each soil layer (mm)	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWM1S	Amount of mobile water (WM) in the top layer at saturation (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	10.3
state	sWMBeforeLeaching	Daily amount of mobile water in each soil layer before leaching occurs	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWR	Daily amount of retained water (WR) in each soil layer (mm)	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWR33	Amount of retained water in finer pores of each layer available for upward movement of solutes or water(AML(i)-WHT15R(i))	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWRH	Retained water at field capacity in layer i	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
state	sWSEEPcum	Daily amount of water lost through mole drains (only calculated if MD>-1)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20000.0	0.0
state	sW_out	Water leaving each soil layer by vertical drainage percolating to the layer below	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	-	-	-
out	ActualEvapotranspiration	Sum of 'Evaporation' and 'Transpiration'	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.0
out	ActualSoilEvaporation	Actual soil evaporation as affected by potential evporation and soil mositure in the upper soil layers	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.0
out	ActualTranspiration	Actual crop transpiration as affected by crop water demand (EVAPC) and crop available soil water (CAWT)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.0
out	CumulativeActualSoilEvaporation	Cumulative soil evaporation over time	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000000.0	0.0
out	CumulativeActualTranspiration	Cumulative crop transpiration over time	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000000.0	0.0
out	DRYFAC	Dryness factor in each layer (input to SlimRoots)	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
out	PotentialEvapotranspiration	Sum of 'Potential Transpiration' and 'Potential Evaporaitonn'	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	22.0	0.0
out	PotentialSoilEvaporation	Potential soil evaporation (provided by other SimComponents e.g. CropEvapoTranspirationDualCoeff.java)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.0
out	PotentialTranspiration	Potential crop transpiration (provided by other SimComponents e.g. CropEvapoTranspirationDualCoeff.java)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	0.0
out	THICKL	-	DOUBLE	m	0.001	20.0	0.0
out	TLW	Total water content over all soil layers (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000.0	0.0
out	TotalCropAvailVolumetricWaterContentFirstLayer	Volumetric total water content in the first soil layer	DOUBLE	m3/m3	0.0	-	-
out	TotalCropAvailVolumetricWaterContentPerLayer	Volumetric crop available water content in each soil layer	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	0.0	50.0	-
out	TotalCropAvailWaterContent	Total crop available water over the actual rooting depth	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	-	-
out	TotalCropAvailWaterContentFirstLayer	Total crop available water content in the first soil layer	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	-	-
out	TotalCropAvailWaterContentPerLayer	Total crop available water per soil layer (mm)	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	0.0	-	-
out	TotalSoilAvailVolumetricWaterContentPerLayer	Sum of volumetric mobile and retained water in each layer	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	0.0	-	-
out	TotalSoilAvailWaterContentPerLayer	Sum of mobile and retained water in each layer	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	0.0	-	-
out	TotalVolumetricWaterContentFirstLayer	Volumetric total water content in the first layer	DOUBLE	m3/m3	0.0	-	-
out	TotalVolumetricWaterContentPerLayer	Volumetric total water content in each soil layer	DOUBLEARRAY	m3/m3	0.0	0.6	-
out	TotalVolumetricWaterContentUpperLayers	Volumetric total water content over the rooting depth	DOUBLE	m3/m3	0.0	-	-
out	TotalWaterContent	Total water content over all soil layers (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	1000.0	-
out	TotalWaterContentFirstLayer	Total water content in the first layer (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	-	-
out	TotalWaterContentPerLayer	Total water content in each soil layer (mm)	DOUBLEARRAY	mm	0.0	-	-
out	TotalWaterContentUpperLayers	Total water content over the rooting depth in mm	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	-	-
out	WDRAIN	Daily amount of water lost through mole drains (only calculated if MD>-1)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000.0	-
out	WFAST	If cCalculateSurfaceRunoff is TRUE: Daily amount of surface run-off (mm); If FALSE: WFAST is the infiltration excess water by-passing the soil matrix	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000.0	-
out	WSEEP	Daily amount of deep percolation (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	2000.0	-
out	WaterBalance	Daily Water Balance over the soil profile (mm)	DOUBLE	mm	-20000.0	20000.0	0.0

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent.TEST_STATE

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

iFieldMap, iFrequence, iInputMap, iJexlRule, iMasterComponentGroup, iName, iOrderNumber, isComponentGroup, iSimComponentElement, iSimModel, iVarMap

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Modifier	Constructor	Description
	ImprovedSoilWater()	called from class.forName()
protected	ImprovedSoilWater(String aName, HashMap<String,net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVariable<?>> aFieldMap, HashMap<String,String> aInputMap, org.jdom2.Element aSimComponentElement, net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVarMap aVarMap, int aOrderNumber)

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
protected net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent	clone(net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVarMap aVarMap)
HashMap<String,net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVariable<?>>	createVariables()
HashMap<String,net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVariable<?>>	fillTestVariables(int aParamIndex, net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent.TEST_STATE aDefineOrCheck)	called for single component test to check the components algorithm.
protected void	init()
protected void	process()

Methods inherited from class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

addVariable, bind, checkCondition, createSimComponent, createSimComponent, createSimComponent, createSimComponent, doProcess, getConstantVariables, getContentType, getCreateFormXML, getDescription, getEditFormXML, getFieldMap, getFrequence, getFrequenceRuleScript, getInputs, getInputVariables, getMasterComponentGroup, getName, getOrderNumber, getOutputVariables, getVariable, getVariableField, getVarMap, initialize, isConditionCheck, isVariableAvailable, performLinks, performLinks, readInputs, removeVariable, reset, runComponentTest, setVariablesDefault, toComponentLinkingXML, toDocXML, toGroupXML, toOutputDefinitionXML, toResourcesDataXML, toResourcesDefinitionXML, toString, toXML, writeVarInfos

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Details

ImprovedSoilWater

protected ImprovedSoilWater(String aName,
 HashMap<String,net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVariable<?>> aFieldMap,
 HashMap<String,String> aInputMap,
 org.jdom2.Element aSimComponentElement,
 net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVarMap aVarMap,
 int aOrderNumber)

Parameters:

aName -

aFieldMap -

aInputMap -

aSimComponentElement -

aVarMap -

aOrderNumber -

ImprovedSoilWater

public ImprovedSoilWater()

called from class.forName()

Method Details

createVariables

public HashMap<String,net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVariable<?>> createVariables()

Specified by:

createVariables in interface net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimFieldContainer

Specified by:

createVariables in class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

See Also:

• FWSimComponent.createVariables()

init

protected void init()

Specified by:

init in class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

See Also:

• FWSimComponent.init()

process

protected void process()

Specified by:

process in class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

See Also:

• FWSimComponent.process()

fillTestVariables

public HashMap<String,net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVariable<?>> fillTestVariables(int aParamIndex,
 net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent.TEST_STATE aDefineOrCheck)

called for single component test to check the components algorithm.

Specified by:

fillTestVariables in class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

See Also:

• net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimFieldContainer#fillTestVariables(int aParamIndex, TEST_STATE aDefineOrCheck)

clone

protected net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent clone(net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVarMap aVarMap)

Specified by:

clone in class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

See Also:

• FWSimComponent.clone(net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimVarMap)