net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

net.simplace.sim.components.models.lintul.LintulBiomass

All Implemented Interfaces:: net.simplace.sim.util.FWSimFieldContainer

public class LintulBiomass extends net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

LintulBiomass.java calculates daily increase in crop total biomass and LAI depending on intercepted radiation and the occurrence of nitrogen or water stress

Light interception

Incoming radiation (input variable DTR in MJ m-2) is intercepted by the crop canopy depending on the extinction coefficient kc and the actual LAI assuming that photosynthetically active radiation is 50% of the global radiation

Intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARINT in MJ m-2) is then calculated as:

\[ \begin{eqnarray} PARINT & = & 0.5 \cdot DRT (1 - e^{-k LAI}) \end{eqnarray} \]

Daily increase in total biomass

Daily increase in total crop biomass is calculated based on the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARINT) depending on the crop specific light use efficiency (LUE) and on the major stress occuring at the same day. In the case of predominant drought stress, daily total biomass increase (GTOTAL in g m-2) is

\[ \begin{eqnarray} GTOTAL & = & LUE \cdot PARINT \cdot TRANRF \end{eqnarray} \]

where TRANRF is the transpiration reduction factor calculated in the SimComponent LintulWaterStress.java as the ratio between actual and potential crop transpiration.

In the case of predominant nitrogen deficiency (i.e. the nitrogen nutrition index NNI is lower than TRANRF), light use efficiency is reduced by the LueReductionToNStress factor and daily total biomass increase (GTOTAL) is calculated as

\[ \begin{eqnarray} GTOTAL & = & LUE \cdot PARINT \cdot LueReductionToNStress \end{eqnarray} \]

where the LueReductionToNStress factor is calculated as

\[ \begin{eqnarray} LueReductionToNStress & = & 1 - LueNStressReduction \cdot e^{(1 - NNI)} \end{eqnarray} \]

The crop specific reduction constant LueNStressReduction and the Nitrogen Nutrition index (NNI) are both dimension less and NNI is defined by the the ratio between actual crop N concentration and critical crop N concentration (half of optimum N concentration which depends on crop and development stage) (for details refer to the SimComponent Ndemand.java).

Daily increase in LAI

The daily increase of total crop biomass is partioned into root, stem, leaves and storage organs depending on a crop development specific partioning factor which is defined in the crop property file. The daily increase in leaf biomass is calculated as the fraction PartLeavesFactor of the total increase GTOTAL (g m-2):

\[ \begin{eqnarray} GLV & = & GTOTAL \cdot PartLeavesFactor \end{eqnarray} \]

Then the daily increase in leaf area index (LAI) is derived from the increase of leaf biomass by multiplication with the specific leaf weight (SLA in m2 g-1)

\[ \begin{eqnarray} GLAI & = & GLV \cdot SLA \end{eqnarray} \]

In the event of nitrogen deficiency, SLA is reduced according to

\[ \begin{eqnarray} SLA & = & SLA \cdot e^{-SlaNStressReduction(1-NNI)} \end{eqnarray} \]

with the dimension less factor SlaNStressReduction expressing the crop specific sensitivity of specific leaf weight to N stress. The SlaNStressReduction factor which is a value between 0 and 1 must be defined in the crop property file.

In the early stage of growth, if the phenological development has not yet passed a user defined stage DevStageRGRL or if LAI is below a user defined critical threshold (0.1875*LaiCritical), the daily increase of LAI (GLAI) is governed by the early rate of growth of green leaves (RGRL) according to the equation

\[ \begin{eqnarray} GLAI & = & LAI \cdot (e^{RGRL \cdot EffectiveTempRateBeforeAnt)}-1) \cdot TRANRF \cdot e^{-LaiNStressReduction(1-NNI)} \end{eqnarray} \]

where EffectiveTempRateBeforeAnt is the effective temperature rate before anthesis (°C d-1) as calculated by the weather transformer. In this early stage, both water stress (TRANRF) as well as nitrogen deficiency (NNI) reduce growth rate of LAI.

The output variables GTOTAL and GLAI are important input variables to the SimComponents LintulPartitioning.java and EvapTranDemand.java

References: Van Oijen, M. and P. Lefelaar. 2008. Lintul-2: water limited crop growth: A simple general crop growth model for water-limited growing conditions. Waageningen University, The Netherlands. Shibu, M. E., P. A. Leffelaar, H. van Keulen, and P. K. Aggarwal. 2010. LINTUL3, a simulation model for nitrogen-limited situations: Application to rice. European Journal of Agronomy 32:255-271.

Content Type	Name	Description	Data Type	Unit	Min Value	Max Value	Default Value
constant	cDevStageRGRL	Development stage of the crop up to which the growth rate of LAI is calculated based on the constant, user defined rate RGRL	DOUBLE	1	0.0	2.0	0.3
constant	cGrainToRootsDailyBiomass	Daily biomass, that is supplied from the seeds to the roots after emergency	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	10.0	0.2
constant	cGrainToRootsDevStage	DevStage after emergence up to which root biomass is supplied by the seed	DOUBLE	1	0.0	2.0	0.0
constant	cK	Extinction coefficient for photosynthetically active radiation	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.6
constant	cLAII	Initial LAI	DOUBLE	m2/m2	0.0	0.1	0.012
constant	cLaiCritical	Critical LAI beyond which leaves die due to self-shading	DOUBLE	m2/m2	0.0	6.0	4.0
constant	cLaiNStressReduction	N Stress effect on LAI growth rate	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	1.0
constant	cLueNStressReduction	N Stress effect on LUE	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	1.0
constant	cRDRL	max. rel. death rate of leaves due to water stress	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.05
constant	cRDRLeavesTableMeanTemperature	Daily mean temperature for relative death rate of leaves (c.f. RDRT)	DOUBLEARRAY	°C	-	-	-
constant	cRDRLeavesTableRelativeRate	Relative death rate of leaves as a function of daily mean temperature (c.f. RDRT)	DOUBLEARRAY	d-1	-	-	-
constant	cRDRNS	max. relative death rate of leaves due to N stress	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.05
constant	cRDRSHM	Maximum relative death rate of leaves due to shading	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.05
constant	cRDRT	Table of development specific leaves death rates	DOUBLEARRAY	1	-	-	-
constant	cRGRL	Relative growth rate of LAI during exponential growth	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.05
constant	cRelativeDayOfEmergence	Days between sowing and start of LAI development/plant growth	INT	d	0	366	12
constant	cSLA	Specific Leaf Area	DOUBLE	m2/g	0.0	20.0	0.02
constant	cSlaNStressReduction	N Stress effect on Specific Leaf Area	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	1.0
input	iAirTemperatureMean	Measured daily average air temperature (input calculated from weather file)	DOUBLE	°C	-50.0	60.0	0.0
input	iCropAvailWaterContent	Crop available water content in the soil	DOUBLE	mm	0.0	20.0	1.0E-4
input	iDevStage	Development stage of the plant (1.0=anthesis, 2.0=physiological maturity	DOUBLE	1	0.0	3.0	0.0
input	iDoHarvest	Flag to specify the day of harvest	BOOLEAN	1	-	-	false
input	iDoSow	Flag to specify the day of sowingt	BOOLEAN	1	-	-	false
input	iEffectiveTempRateAfterAnt	Daily effective temperature after anthesis	DOUBLE	°C	0.0	40.0	0.0
input	iEffectiveTempRateBeforeAnt	Daily effective temperature before anthesis	DOUBLE	°C	0.0	40.0	0.0
input	iLUE	Light Use Efficiency	DOUBLE	g/MJ	0.0	10.0	3.0
input	iLeaveSenescenceHeatStressFactor	Factor that increases leaf senescence due to heat stress	DOUBLE	1	0.0	-	1.0
input	iNitrogenNutritionIndex	Nitrogen Nutrition Index is the ratio between actual crop N concentration and critical N concentration (half of optimum N concentration which depends on crop and development stage)	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	1.0
input	iPartLeavesFactor	Proportion of daily total biomass increase partitioned to the leaves (input from LintulPartitioning.java)	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.0
input	iPartRootFactor	Proportion of daily total biomass increase partitioned to the roots (input from LintulPartitioning.java)	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.0
input	iPartStemsFactor	Proportion of daily total biomass increase partitioned to the stem (input from LintulPartitioning.java)	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.0
input	iPartStorageOrgansFactor	Proportion of daily total biomass increase partitioned to the storage organs (input from LintulPartitioning.java)	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	0.0
input	iRadiation	Daily global radiation (input from weather file)	DOUBLE	MJ/m2	0.0	30.0	0.0
input	iTRANRF	Transpiration reduction factor (TRANRF) as ratio between actual and potential crop transpiration	DOUBLE	1	0.0	1.0	1.0
input	iUnusedRootBiomass	Root Biomass which was not used by roots due to root growth limitations (is returned to biomass growth rate of the next day)	DOUBLE	g/(m2 d)	0.0	20000.0	0.0
state	sDaysSinceSowing	Days since Sowing	INT	d	0	1000	0
state	sLAI	Leaf area index	DOUBLE	m2/m2	0.0	20.0	0.0
state	sWLV	Biomass of leaves	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	2000.0	0.0
state	sWLVD	Biomass of dead leaves	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	2000.0	0.0
state	sWLVG	Biomass of green leaves	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	2000.0	0.0
state	sWRT	Biomass of Roots	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	2000.0	0.0
state	sWSO	Biomass of Storage Organs	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	2000.0	0.0
state	sWST	Biomass of stems	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	2000.0	0.0
rate	rDLAI	Rate of change of Leaf area index	DOUBLE	m2/m2	-10.0	10.0	0.0
rate	rDeadLeaves	Rate of dead leaves	DOUBLE	g/(m2 d)	-200.0	200.0	0.0
rate	rDeadStems	Rate of dead stems	DOUBLE	g/(m2 d)	-200.0	200.0	0.0
rate	rRWLVG	Rate of change in weight of green leaves	DOUBLE	g/(m2 d)	-200.0	200.0	0.0
rate	rRWRT	Rate of change in weight of roots	DOUBLE	g/(m2 d)	-200.0	200.0	0.0
out	AboveGroundBiomass	Sum of Biomass fractions above ground	DOUBLE	g/m2	0.0	10000.0	0.0
out	GTOTAL	Growth rate of total crop dry matter	DOUBLE	g/(m2 d)	-	-	0.0
out	PARINT	Intercepted photosynthetically active radiation	DOUBLE	MJ/(m2 d)	0.0	30.0	0.0

Class LintulBiomass

Light interception

Daily increase in total biomass

Daily increase in LAI

Component Variables

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class net.simplace.sim.model.FWSimComponent

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Details

LintulBiomass

LintulBiomass

Method Details

createVariables

init

process

fillTestVariables

clone